Die Evolution der Männlichkeitsbilder in Deutschland
At all times men occupied the specific roles in German society and had influential and defining characteristics that made up their roles. At any time was subject to stereotypes.
I believe that the time and the political situation, the thinking and actions of certain men in Germany. The country always had the men, it needed at a particular time. In the following I would like to establish specific time periods and the time periods for these typical male characteristics, a connection with the situation in the country can be.
imperial times (1871-1918) Germany rose to the strongest great power, It expanded its territory by smaller wars. So that the Danish king ruled Schleswig and Holstein were conquered, France was obliged to cede Alsace-Lorraine and the southern German states joined the German Empire. During this time the country needed fighters who could conquer new lands for their country. The reigning Chancellor Otto von Bismarck was of the opinion (Heraclitus) "war is the father of all things." Thus, the officers were regarded as the elite of the time. The men were specimens of manhood. The honor went over everything and belonged to the heroic deeds of a man's life. In the family was the husband is the head of the family, he had the last word and the other Members were dependent on him.
During the First World War (1914 to 1918) were the men in uniform continues to be regarded, for it was to fight for the home and die. By the early success of the army grew annexation projects, some fanatical nature of the ground. The German Reich wanted to expand its claims to world politics. In enforcing these goals, it depended on the unity of all forces. Thus, the male camaraderie to model this time.
This world war was a trial for the men of their masculinity. The family has been neglected. After the lost war the men returned and came down with the civil Life hardly cope.
In the postwar period (1918-1933) she dreamed of revenge. Germany and their men were humiliated. The country was committed to high reparations and was allowed an army with more than 100,000 troops entertained. It was a shame peace for Germany. The men who had been educated in the military spirit, could not resign themselves, and they prepared themselves for the rematch. Characteristics such as wit and a quick reaction from then played a major role among men. Sports such as boxing and the racing was very popular.
to Nazi period (1933-1939) was placed on workers soldiers. The men should be athletic, strong, principled faithful be confident and determined. The country needed unconditional fighters who could gain back the lost glory of Germany.
During the Second World War (1939-1945) took Germany soldiers who could use technology, and uncompromising and brave were. It was to the last man to fight and disposition to be faithful. Such were the men of this time, they could not rebel against the orders of the leader. Because the loyalty and obedience went over everything. After the defeat
wore them all their illusions to the grave. At home they were strangers and homeless. Now it was the destiny back into their own hands and take a new role in social life to occupy. Germany was to World War II in ruins and the reconstruction of the country was necessary. This was a hard physical work for which the men were appropriate. Men should be strong, hard drinking and emotionless as before. In football, but emotions were allowed.
In the 50's and 60 years, he brought-men ready to win their self-confidence. They worked in factories, some had high positions, were heads of families and enjoyed prestige. In that time played a big role to qualify. Life took its usual course. This time was, among other things by the image of the father influenced the car tax that went with his family to the countryside. So were the roles des Mannes: Er war das Familienoberhaupt, musste seine Familie führen und für sie finanziell sorgen.
Ende der 60-er Jahre und Anfang der 70-er Jahre kam es zu einer Krise für die Männerwelt. Frauen machten die Rollen der Männer streitig. Es gab kaum etwas was die Frauen nicht erledigen konnten. Frauen hatten einen Führerschein, einige Frauen bekleideten Führungspositionen auch wenn nur spärlich. (richtige Führungspositionen kamen erst etwas später) und begannen sich in der Politik durchzusetzen. Männer und Frauen wurden gleichberechtigt. Es gab keine klaren Grenzen mehr, die Männer führten manchmal selbst den Haushalt, bügelten ihre Hemden. Die Gesellschaft brauchte nun keine Kämpfer mehr und the men had to learn to be flexible and to share with women role models. (The enforcement of this behavior and role of thinking actually was not until the early 1980s on)
In the 80 -. He was years ago, the men strong (strong because they compensate for a masculinity complex (bodybuilding trend) wanted in good condition, fit and flexible you had a variety of ways. men and women could prevail in more and more non-typical male or female life.
In modern Germany, where democracy prevails, is set to equal rights, and women are not set specific roles. It is the life enjoy die Tätigkeit auszuüben, die einem gefällt und einen ausfüllt.
Das Männerbild hat sich von einem auf Kampf und Siegen programmierten Mann in eine flexible männliche Geschlechtsidentität gewandelt. Land und Zeitgeist haben sich gewandelt und damit auch die Männer.
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